7 research outputs found

    Qualité de service dans des environnements réseaux mobiles, contraints et hétérogÚnes

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    Les tĂ©lĂ©communications sans fil ont connu ces derniĂšres annĂ©es un immense succĂšs Ă  tel point que le spectre des frĂ©quences est dĂ©sormais surchargĂ© et nĂ©cessite la disponibilitĂ© de nouvelles ressources. Pour rĂ©pondre Ă  ce besoin, des techniques de rĂ©utilisation dynamique du spectre ont alors vu le jour sous la dĂ©nomination de radio cognitive. Elles consistent Ă  partager de maniĂšre opportuniste et efficace certaines frĂ©quences ayant Ă©tĂ© initialement allouĂ©es Ă  d'autres systĂšmes. Cette thĂšse se place dans le contexte de rĂ©seaux sans fil tactiques hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšnes comportant des segments de radios cognitives. La difficultĂ© provient alors de la garantie de qualitĂ© de service de bout en bout : respect du dĂ©bit nĂ©gociĂ©, du dĂ©lai et de la gigue. Nous nous sommes tout d'abord intĂ©ressĂ©s au contrĂŽle d'admission dans ce type de rĂ©seaux en proposant une mĂ©thode de calcul de bande passante rĂ©siduelle de bout en bout s'appuyant sur un algorithme de complexitĂ© polynomiale et pouvant ĂȘtre implantĂ© de maniĂšre distribuĂ©e. Nous nous sommes ensuite concentrĂ©s sur le routage en proposant une nouvelle mĂ©trique tenant compte des particularitĂ©s de ce type de rĂ©seaux. Enfin, nous nous focalisons sur la thĂ©matique du routage Ă  contraintes multiples en Ă©tudiant et implantant en environnement rĂ©el des algorithmes d'approximation proposĂ©s dans la littĂ©rature. ABSTRACT : The unprecedented success of wireless telecommunication systems has resulted in the wireless spectrum becoming a scarce resource. Cognitive Radio systems have been proposed as the enabling technology allowing unlicensed equipments to opportunistically access the licensed spectrum when not in use by the licensed users. The focus of this thesis is on heterogeneous tactical networks deploying cognitive radios in parts or in their entirety. Such networks can be organized in multiple sub-networks, each characterized by a specific topology, medium access scheme and spectrum access policy. As a result, providing end-to-end Quality of Service guarantees in terms of bandwidth, delay and jitter, emerges as a key challenge. We first address the admission control in multi-hop cognitive radio networks and propose a polynomial time algorithm that can be implemented in a distributed fashion for estimating the end-to-end bandwidth. Then, we focus on routing and propose a new metric that takes into account the specifics of such networks. Finally, as quality of service requirements can be expressed using multiple metrics, we turn our attention to multi-constrained routing and implement on a real testbed low complexity approximation algorithms

    Quality of service in heterogeneous mobile constrained networks

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    Les tĂ©lĂ©communications sans fil ont connu ces derniĂšres annĂ©es un immense succĂšs Ă  tel point que le spectre des frĂ©quences est dĂ©sormais surchargĂ© et nĂ©cessite la disponibilitĂ© de nouvelles ressources. Pour rĂ©pondre Ă  ce besoin, des techniques de rĂ©utilisation dynamique du spectre ont alors vu le jour sous la dĂ©nomination de radio cognitive. Elles consistent Ă  partager de maniĂšre opportuniste et efficace certaines frĂ©quences ayant Ă©tĂ© initialement allouĂ©es Ă  d'autres systĂšmes. Cette thĂšse se place dans le contexte de rĂ©seaux sans fil tactiques hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšnes comportant des segments de radios cognitives. La difficultĂ© provient alors de la garantie de qualitĂ© de service de bout en bout : respect du dĂ©bit nĂ©gociĂ©, du dĂ©lai et de la gigue. Nous nous sommes tout d'abord intĂ©ressĂ©s au contrĂŽle d'admission dans ce type de rĂ©seaux en proposant une mĂ©thode de calcul de bande passante rĂ©siduelle de bout en bout s'appuyant sur un algorithme de complexitĂ© polynomiale et pouvant ĂȘtre implantĂ© de maniĂšre distribuĂ©e. Nous nous sommes ensuite concentrĂ©s sur le routage en proposant une nouvelle mĂ©trique tenant compte des particularitĂ©s de ce type de rĂ©seaux. Enfin, nous nous focalisons sur la thĂ©matique du routage Ă  contraintes multiples en Ă©tudiant et implantant en environnement rĂ©el des algorithmes d'approximation proposĂ©s dans la littĂ©rature.The unprecedented success of wireless telecommunication systems has resulted in the wireless spectrum becoming a scarce resource. Cognitive Radio systems have been proposed as the enabling technology allowing unlicensed equipments to opportunistically access the licensed spectrum when not in use by the licensed users. The focus of this thesis is on heterogeneous tactical networks deploying cognitive radios in parts or in their entirety. Such networks can be organized in multiple sub-networks, each characterized by a specific topology, medium access scheme and spectrum access policy. As a result, providing end-to-end Quality of Service guarantees in terms of bandwidth, delay and jitter, emerges as a key challenge. We first address the admission control in multi-hop cognitive radio networks and propose a polynomial time algorithm that can be implemented in a distributed fashion for estimating the end-to-end bandwidth. Then, we focus on routing and propose a new metric that takes into account the specifics of such networks. Finally, as quality of service requirements can be expressed using multiple metrics, we turn our attention to multi-constrained routing and implement on a real testbed low complexity approximation algorithms

    On estimating the end-to-end bandwidth in multi-transceiver multi-hop cognitive radio networks

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    International audienceCognitive radios promise to revolutionize the performance of wireless networks in general and multi-hop wireless networks in particular by making efficient use of the portion of the licensed spectrum left un-utilized. Realizing this promise, however, requires revisiting many of the current network architectures and protocols, which is the subject of a very active research effort. In this work, we focus on Quality of Service routing and more specifically, admission control. We consider a multi-hop cognitive radio network where every node is equipped with multiple transceivers. Because the research and development of a widely accepted MAC protocol for these networks is still ongoing, we assume a bare-bones TDMA protocol at the link layer. We show that, for the network considered, the problem of finding the maximum end-to-end bandwidth of a given path is NP-Complete. Given this result, we consider a relaxed version of the problem wherein the slot allocations are carried out at each node by selecting at random the required number of slots among those available. For this case, we provide a linear time algorithm for computing the average residual end-to-end bandwidth. We perform an extensive numerical analysis that demonstrates its accuracy and enabling value for performing admission control

    Statistical Admission Control in Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks

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    International audienceWe address the problem of online admission control in multi-hop, multi-transceiver cognitive radio networks where the channel access is regulated by a bare-bones time-division multiple access protocol and the primary user activity is modeled as an ON/OFF process. We show that the problem of computing the available end-to-end bandwidth-necessary for admission control-is NP-Complete. Rather than working on an approximation algorithm and analyzing its worst-case performance, we relax the problem of online admission control by using a randomized scheduling algorithm and analyzing its average performance. Randomized scheduling is widely used because of its simplicity and efficiency. However, computing the resulting average throughput is challenging and remains an open problem. We solve this problem analytically and use the solution as vehicle for BRAND-a centralized heuristic for computing the average bandwidth available with randomized scheduling between a source destination pair in cognitive radio networks. Driven by practical considerations, we introduce a distributed version of BRAND and prove its correctness. An extensive numerical analysis demonstrates the accuracy of BRAND and its enabling value in performing admission control

    COExiST: Revisiting Transmission Count for Cognitive Radio Networks

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    International audienceTransmission count, the number of transmissions required for delivering a data packet over a link, is part of almost all state-of-the-art routing metrics for wireless networks. In traditional networks, peer-to-peer interference and channel errors are what define its value for the most part. In cognitive radio networks, however, there is a third culprit that can impact the transmission count: primary user interference. It may be tempting to think of primary user interference as no different than interference caused by other peers. However, unlike peers, primary users do not follow the same protocol and have strict channel access priority over the secondary users. Motivated by this observation, we carry out an empirical study on a USRP testbed for analyzing the impact of primary users. Our measurements show that a primary user has a distinct impact on the transmission count, which the de facto standard approach, ETX, designed for traditional networks, fails to capture. To resolve this, we present COExiST (for COgnitive radio EXpected transmISsion counT): a link metric that accurately captures the expected transmission count over a wireless link subject to primary user interference. Extensive experiments on a five-node USRP testbed demonstrate that COExiST accurately captures the actual transmission count in the presence of primary users -- the 80th percentile of the error is less than 20%

    COExiST : une métrique caractérisant la qualité des liens sans fil dans les réseaux de radios cognitives

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    International audienceLes transmissions sans fil sont loin d’ĂȘtre parfaites car elles dĂ©pendent de la qualitĂ© des canaux utilisĂ©s et notamment des collisions pouvant s'y produire. Plusieurs retransmissions sont alors nĂ©cessaires pour pouvoir effectivement acheminer un paquet de donnĂ©es sur un lien sans fil. D` es lors, le nombre total de tentatives, aussi appelĂ© nombre de transmissions par paquet, a Ă©tĂ© largement utilisĂ© pour Ă©valuer la qualitĂ© des liens radio et concevoir des mĂ©triques de routage efficaces pour les rĂ©seaux multi-sauts. À l'aide d'une plate-forme de test composĂ©e de radios logicielles USRP, nous dĂ©montrons que la mĂ©trique ETX, communĂ©ment utilisĂ©e pour l'estimation de cette quantitĂ© dans les rĂ©seaux sans fil traditionnels, n'est plus adaptĂ©e au contexte des rĂ©seaux de radios cognitives. En effet, pour ce type de rĂ©seaux, un nouveau phĂ©nomĂšne doit ĂȘtre pris en compte. Il s'agit des interfĂ©rences provenant des utilisateurs primaires qui, contrairement aux utilisateurs secondaires, disposent d'une prioritĂ© sur le canal et peuvent rĂ©aliser des transmissions a tout instant. AprĂšs avoir identifiĂ© la maniĂšre dont ces interfĂ©rences affectent le nombre de transmissions par paquet, nous proposons COExiST † , une mĂ©trique tenant compte des particularitĂ©s des utilisateurs primaires. De nouvelles mesures rĂ©alisĂ©es en environnement rĂ©el mettent alors en Ă©vidence la prĂ©cision de COExiST pour estimer le nombre moyen de transmissions par paquet : 80% du temps, l'erreur relative est infĂ©rieure a 20%
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